I’ve heard about Intellectual property (IP) and copyright a lot. Then, recently, copyleft and OER became an issue in IP world. So, what are they? How are they defined and distinguished each other? Well…Wikipedia provided the definitions as below…But, it is still not so clear what the differences among these terms are. I think the relationship may be like this. Other thoughts? I need to study more about OER and copyright.
Intellectual property > Copyright (license) > Copyleft (license) ≃ OER > Permissive license
l Intellectual property: Intellectual property (IP) is a category of property that includes intangible creations of the human intellect, and primarily encompasses copyrights, patents, and trademarks. It also includes other types of rights, such as trade secrets, publicity rights, moral rights, and rights against unfair competition. Artistic works like music and literature, as well as some discoveries, inventions, words, phrases, symbols, and designs, can all be protected as intellectual property. It was not until the 19th century that the term "intellectual property" began to be used, and not until the late 20th century that it became commonplace in the majority of the world (Wikipedia).
l OER: Open educational resources (OER) are freely accessible, openly licensed text, media, and other digital assets that are useful for teaching, learning, and assessing as well as for research purposes (Wikipedia).
l Copyright: Copyright is a legal right, existing globally in many countries, that basically grants the creator of an original work exclusive right to determine and decide whether, and under what conditions, this original work may be used by others (Wikipedia).
l Copyleft: Copyleft (a play on the word copyright) is the practice of offering people the right to freely distribute copies and modified versions of a work with the stipulation that the same rights be preserved in derivative works down the line. Copyleft software licenses are considered protective or reciprocal, as contrasted with permissive free software licenses (Wikipedia).
l Permissive license: Permissive licenses provide the maximum freedom to the immediate downstream developers (including the ability to use the open source code in a closed source project), whereas copyright licenses provide the maximum freedom to the end users. (What is copyleft? By Ben Cotton (2016), https://opensource.com/resources/what-is-copyleft)
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